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New E n c la n d 
Addresses 



THE PURITAN IN THE SOUTH 



AN D 



INTELLECTUAL PATRIOTISM 



DELIVERED BY 

LuciAN Lamar Knight 



AT NA/ALLINGFORD. CONN.. OCTOBER 19. 1916. THE 
FORMER AT THE UNVEILING OF A GRANITE 
BOULDER TO Dr. LYMAN HALL. ONE OF THE 
SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPEND- 
ENCE FOR GEORGIA. ON THE SITE OF THE OLD 
PATRIOTS BIRTH-PLACE: THE LATTER AT THE 
CORNER-STONE LAYING OF THE LYMAN HALL 
HIGH SCHOOL. A MAGNIFICENT STRUCTURE TO 
COST. Vy/HEN COMPLETED. $200,000. 



N E w England 
Addresses 



THE PURITAN IN THE SOUTH 



AN D 



NTELLECTUAL PATRIOTISM 



DELIVERED BY 

LuciAN Lamar Knight 



AT WALLINGFORD. CONN., OCTOBER 19. 1916. THE 
FORMER AT THE UNVEILING OF A GRANITE 
BOULDER TO DR. LYMAN HALL. ONE OF THE 
SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPEND- 
ENCE FOR GEORGIA. ON THE SITE OF THE OLD 
PATRIOTS BIRTH-PLACE: THE LATTER AT THE 
CORNER-STONE LAYING OF THE LYMAN HALL 
HIGH SCHOOL. A MAGNIFICENT STRUCTURE TO 
COST. WHEN COMPLETED. $200,000. 



(^h 



OFFICIAL PROGRAM 

LYMAN HALL DAY EXERCISES 

THURSDAY, OCTOBKH 19, lOUi. WAI.LINGFORD, CONN. 

HXERCISE8 AT THE UXVEILIXO OF THE BOULDER 
11 A. M. 

Selection Naval ^Militia Band 

rnvoeation Father Alexander Mitchell 

Address of AVelcome Rev. Arthur P. Greenleaf 

Response Governor ]\Iarens E. lloleouib, of Connecticut 

^ , , f Frank C. Cook, Jr. 

I nveihna- of the jMemorial Boulder..-^ ,_ t t> • ^ 

^ 1 • • ■ -Mary L. Bramard 

Presentation of Same to the Town of Wallingford, and Ac- 
ceptance, Charles Storrs Hall, First Selectman 

Solo Mrs. Wm. P. Lynch 

Ol^eial Poem Donald Lines Jacobus 

Orator of the Day Lucia n Lamai- Knio-ht. of Georgia 

• 

Ban(|uet to Guests of Honor in the Armory, 12:30 'Clock. 



EXERCISES AT THE CORXER STOXE LAYIXG OF THE 
LYIMAX HALL HIGH SCHOOL 

2 P. M. 

Selection Naval Militia Band 

Invocation Rev. Arthur P. Greenleaf 

Song: "The Heavens are Telling" School Children 

Address Liiciaii Lamar Knight, of Georgia 

Selection Naval Militia Band 

Address. .Rev. Charles R. Brown, :Dean of Yale Divinity School 

Song: "My Own United States '!■' : •. School Children 

Laying of the Corner Stone : Charles Storrs Hall First Selectman 

Song: "America" School Children, Accompanied by 

Naval Militia Band 

Master of Ceremonies: AVilliam H. Edsall, Esq.. 
Chairman of the Building Committee. 
Governor Holcomb was accompanied to Wallingford by lin- 
famons Putnam Phalanx, acting as an escort. 



THE PURITAN IN THE SOUTH 



''The iiiyt;tie cliurds of meiiiory, stretcliiiig J'roiii every battle-field 
and patriot-grave to every livino- heart and hearth-stone all over this 
liroad land will yet swell the fhorus of the Union when ^li^ain touched, 
as surely they will be, l)y the l>etter aii^^els of our nature.'' — Abraham 
Lincoln in First Inaugural. 



''My countrynu'u, let us know one another, and we will lo\e oni 
anotiier. ■■ — L. Q. ('. Lamar, in I'hilo^y mi ('har](>s Smnner. 



''This hour little nei'ds the loyalty whieli is loyal to one section 
yet holds the other in enduring suspicion and estrangement. Give us 
that deep and perfect loyalty which lo\es and trusts Georgia alike with 
Massachusetts and which endears with equal and patriotic pride every 
foot of our soil, every State in our Union." — Henry W. Grady, in New 
Knglaiul Speech. ' 



Full text of an address delivered at the unveiling of a granite boulder, 
in the town of Wallingford, Conn., to Dr. Lyrnau Hall, one of the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence for Georgia, on the site of the old 
patriot's birth-plac^e, October 19, 1916. 



F( lloic-CifiiCits of N(ir Eiu/luiid, /)(S(t iidanls of (lie Purilaii. 
L(i(li(.s and (i( iifloiu H : 

In acoininon grave, beside the Savannah River, and under- 
neath a singh? shaft of granite, sleep two of the Georgia signers 
of the Declaration of Independence. One a native of Connecti- 
ent. the other a native of Virginia, both signed the immortal 
Scroll of Freedom for an adopted State. Comrades in life. 
Comrades in death. Comrades in eternity. Puritan and Cava- 
lier — their ashes have mingled in a union which time cannol 
annul; while above them soars ;i .sileiil witness, hewn from the 
heart of Georgia's hills of rock. Hound together by such a tie. 
ought not Connecticut and Georgia 1o be forever one: and. 
brushing aside the little oob-Mebs of division which have come 
between Ihem. ought Ihey not to lay liare Ihe eternal cables 
which are binding them heart to hetirt and soul to soul, in ;i 
deatliless union forever.' So lonu- ;is Hall and Walton shall 



sleep together in a common grave; so long as these twain shall 
shine together on a deathless scroll — be this the pledge of an 
everlasting covenant not only between Connecticut and Georgia, 
but between Puritan and Cavalier, all over our land — 
"Till the sun grows cold 

And the stars are old 

And the leaves of the judgment book unfold. ' ' 
This, Mr. Chairman, is my text — this the spirit in which I 
come to you today from my distant home in the South. Cavalier 
though I be, to the manner born, I am not a stranger within 
your gates, but a clansman among his kindred. Aye, sir, Joseph 
is among his brethren. For I, too, am of liberty's chosen seed; 
Old Glory is my country's flag, and all America is my native 
land ! 



On this auspicious day in New England's calendar, Georgia 
felicitates Connecticut. From the tops of the Blue Ridge moun- 
tains, she wafts to her sister State a greeting, spiced with the mel- 
low musk of her Indian summer. It comes from the scented groves 
of the far-famed Elbertas ; from way-sides sweet with the au- 
tumn 's lingering perfumes and from hearth-stones bright "with 
the "\\dnter's kindling fires. It comes from the historic shades 
of Liberty Hall and from the pillared home of Robert Toombs. 
It comes from the tender soul of an old Confederate governor, the 
last upon whom our State will ever look (Governor N. E. Harris) . 
It comes from the loyal hearts of three millions of people who, 
"letting the dead past bury its dead," live only in the vital 
traditions of American valor. 

It comes from rich and from poor; from the stately man- 
sions upon the heights and from the humble homes in the hol- 
lows, whose loving heart-beats answer yours. It comes from 
towns and villages and hamlets, busy with the bustling activi- 
ties of trade ; from Atlanta upon the foot-hills, from Macon in 
the mid-lands, and from Savannah by the sea. It comes from 
silent cities of the dead, white with the thickening bivouacs of 
your former foes; and from Federal cemeteries in which your 
own brave boys are sleeping; from Andersonville's green 
mounds of glory and from Marietta's guardian monuments. It 
comes from battle-fields on Avhich the Blue and the Grav no 



longer gra})ple; from the gory field of the twenty-second of 
July, from Kennesaw's dizzy eloud-rests, and from Chickamau- 
ga's hidden breast-works; from Jonesboro and New Hope 
Church and Fort McAllister. 

It comes from a past, glorious \nth achievement; from a 
future, radiant with prophecy ; and from a present, vocal with 
uncounted factories, whose looms are weaving fabrics for a 
waiting world. It comes from shop and mart and office, from 
meadow and forge and (juarry, from lake and stream and 
ocean front, from highland-peak and from lowland-plain. It 
comes from harvest-fields, melodious with the black man's tune- 
ful lays, rippling through golden lanes of yellow corn and over 
ridges white with cotton's l)illowy snow. It comes from au- 
tumnal woods, red with the flaming splendors of October, in a 
land of romance and of song. It comes in a myriad voices, 
keyed to Lanier's immortal harp, inspired by Grady's gentle 
spirit, and tuned to an anthem in which the stirring strains of 
"Dixie" are lost in the music of "My Country, 'tis of Thee." 

I come to re-open no" wounds of strife. Over all your arch- 
ing skies and mine, I can read that a better day has dawned, that 
sectionalism in America is dead forever! We know the storm is 
over, for while the raven is seen no more, the dove of peace 
has retui-iH'd to th(> ai-k with an olive-branch of heal- 
ing in her l)eak ! On the horizon of my home in 
Georgia looms historic Kennesaw, but its slopes are 
green, its batteries are silent. The city in which I live, sir, fell 
a prey in 1864 to the devouring flames; but twenty-five years 
later it sent Grady to New England with this message: "I wish 
to say to General Sherman, who is considered an able man in our 
parts but kind o' careless about fire, that i'l'oin the ashes which he 
left iLs in 1864 we have built a l)rave and a beautiful city, that 
somehow we have caught the sunshine into the brick and mortar 
of our homes and have sheltered therein not one ignoble prejudice 
or memory." Today not a scar survives. If North and South 
were ever divided on the field of battle, if Puritan and Cavalier 
were ever at odds in the history of our government, it Avas long 
before my cradle days, nor have I inherited from my sire who 
wore the gray one bitter lingering memento of the struggle. I 
rejoice that in the fires of battle our differences Avere fused and 



that out of the erucibh^ of war we have^ emerged a purified na- 
tion, to whom the God of liumaiiity has entrusted tlie ark of 
His covenant with man. 

Born since the hughes sang truce. I have known in all my 
life, sir, but one flag — the star-spangled banner. To me, that 
old rain-bow of l)attle is a thing of l)eauty, the fairest emblem 
ever woven in liberty's loom. The section from which I hail is 
proud of its traditions, but it cherishes no bitter memories, it 
nourishes no vain regrets. Our faces are turned to the morn- 
ing. We rejoice that a new era is at hand, and that, while our 
people today honor the magnanimity of Gi-ant and the gentle- 
ness of Lincohi, you of the North are not asliained to applaud 
with us, the patriotism, the genius, and the nobility of Lee: 

"Xo more shall the Avar-cry sever 

Or the winding rivers be red ; 
You banish our anger forever 

AVhen you laurel the graves of our dead. 
Under the sod and the dew 

Waiting the judgment day — 
Love and tears for the Blue, 

Tears and love for the Gray." 

In all the South, Mr. Chairman — from the Patapsco to the 
Rio Grande — there is not a right-thinking man amongst us 
who would crook his finger to summon slavery back. 

It was not an unmixed evil. But the institution was one 
out of which the negro reaped far more of benefit than did 
the white man — it christianized him, it civilized him, it prepared 
him for citizenship; an institution, albeit, of which the South 
was not the originator, and Avith respect to which, for climatic 
and economic reasons, she was less the apologist than the victim. 
It left us some beautiful memories; but with the old order of 
things its shackles are all gone, like Othello's occupation. 

Time's gentle surgery has healed the wounds of war not 
only on every hill but in every heart. The negro problem 
still awaits .solution ; but the negro race itself is prospering. De- 
spite the work of a few mischief-makers amongst them, the num- 
ber of whom is a bagatelle when referred to the bulk of the popu- 
lation, there is peace today in the black man's home; content- 



ment and thrift are tliere, too, newspapers and books. It is 
no longer a cabin in wliieh he dwells, bnt a cottage, whose curl- 
ing smoke tells of a happy fireside — the citizen's best anchor 
and the patriot's holiest inspiration. 

True to our Anglo-Saxon heritage, the white race of the 
South has, since Sherman's march to the sea, not only retrieved 
the disasters of a great war, but made the history of our section 
a wonder-book of achievement, to which we find no counter- 
part in the Arabian Nights. It is not the language of a tropical 
imagination in which I am addressing you. The close of the war 
found the South prostrate. She had lost her slave property, 
worth two billions of dollars. She had furnished nine-tenths of 
the battle-fields of the war. Our whole section was harrowed 
by the burning plow-shares of battle, and there was still to be 
endured what to Anglo-Saxons was a Reign of Terror. Today, 
in spite of the enormities of Reconstruction, ours is the garden- 
spot of the republic. We have not only paid our own war debt, 
but our part of the debt contracted to subdue us. Prospero's 
wand has touched our fields into splendid harvests, multiplied 
our mills, incrca.sed our schools and colleges, lengthened our 
highways of commerce, spanned our rivers wath magnificent 
bridges of steel, and made our breezes vibrant with the glad 
songs of contented millions. Slavery is no more! The eater- 
pillar is gone— but out of the chrysalis of a dead South has 
emerged the butterfly of a ncAV-born Dixie, with the sunbeams 
of the morning in her eyes and with the tints of the rainbow 
on her wings. 

Cotton at eighteen cents a pound is galvanizing every nerve 
and sinew of business. One of our financiers last year, out of 
his own private funds, took over the maturing bonds of the 
State of Georgia, the aggregate value of which was three million, 
five hundred thousand dollars, in addition to which he gave a 
million to one of our great universities (Asa G. Candler). In 
the felicitous phrase of Senator Vance, ''we have renewed our 
youth at the fountains of industry and found the hills of gold 
in the energies of an imperishable race." With the implements 
of peace we are fast retrieving the disasters of the sword. On a 
hundred fields of high endeavor, the spirit of the New South 
is at work — brave, resolute, undaunted — reversing the decree 



of battle and writing' a brave though bloodless se(juel to the 
Appomattox of the Old. in all the land from -which I come. 
Mr. Chairman, there is but one sentiment; nor can I better 
phrase it than in our own gifted Stanton's limpid lines: 

'* She's up there, Old Glory. Xo tyrant-dealt scars. 
No blur on her brightness, no slain on her stars; 
The brave blood of heroes hath ei'im.soned her })ars — 
She's the Hag of our couiitry forever." 



Today Time turns magician. With his wand of enchant- 
ment, he re-animates a dead past, and around us at this hour 
weaves the illusive spell of history. The occasion which brings 
us together in this ancient town puts an emj)hasis of patriotism 
upon American brotherhood. It sounds an age-long truce to 
battle. It proclaims a gospel of reconciliation. It strengthens 
the ties of kindred and of kind. Today we are not partisans 
but patriots; neither Republicans nor J)emocrats, but plain, 
law-abiding and liberty-loving Americans. The memory of the 
great man to whom we pay this hour's tribute rebukes all nar- 
row-minded bigotries. It takes us back to a time when our Union 
of States was a feeble band of colonies, roused to resistance by 
the tyranny of England ; Avlien a little company of patriots, fear- 
less of consequences, met at Philadelphia, in 1776, to sign a 
scrap of paper, which might have doomed each man of them to 
an ignominious scaffold. But there was no tremor of nerves and 
no quaking of knees. 

To commune with our forefathers of the Revolution, in 
whose ej'^es a guinea never glistened, to whom liberty was 
sweeter than life, will make us better citizens, better patriots, 
better men. It will give us a clearer insight into the principles 
upon which our republic Avas founded, a deeper reverence for 
the flag which floats in the air above our heads, a truer conception 
of our mission to the nations of the earth, and a holier resolve 
to transmit unimpaired to our children's children the heritage 
of freedom which our ancestors have bequeathed to us. 

Putting aside, therefore, every weight which doth so easily 
beset us, let us gird our loins for an hour's journey; let us 



away from the feverish luniioil of polities, of trade and of 
mammon — away from electric lights and telephones and tele- 
graphs — awa}'^ from moving-i)ictnres and automobiles and iron 
horses — back to the days of powdered wigs and of knee-buckles ; 
back to the days when the spinning-wheel stood in the corner, 
when the old-fashioned crane was suspended in the fire-place, 
and when the old oaken bucket hung in the well ; back to the 
days in whose gathering storms the republic's cradle was rocked. 
There^ — in the old ancestral home of the fathers — let us renew 
our love of liberty at its fountain-springs. There let us pledge 
our country's health in the pure eiyslal of its living elixir. 
There reverently and thoughtfully let us dwell upon the men 
of old who. in the holy cause of indepentlence, imperiled all ; 
aye. who di-ank of the bitter waters of Marah that we might 
baniiuet on the grapes of Eschol and who endured all the pangs 
of the wilderness that we might inherit the hills of the Promise 
and tread the courts of the Temple. 

Happy am 1. sir. in the mission wliieh l)rings me to Walling- 
ford. Glorions old mother-town of Connecticut! Your founda- 
tions were laid when the Stuarts were on the throne of England; 
but. like the (|ueen who loved a Roman, ''age cannot wither you, 
nor custom stale your infinite variety." Redolent of the by-gone 
centuries, your very streets are like fragrant aisles in some old 
cathedral. But your glories are not all of the past. Wedded to 
the fine art, industrial activities are here centered whose throb- 
bing pulse-beat is felt throughout our land and whose contribu- 
tions to the luxury of modern life are synonymous with standard 
values in every part of Christendom. 

Ignorant must he be of his country's history who does not feel 
at home on Connecticut's sacred soil, t\^ho does not thrill to the 
memories which her very name evokes. Yours wa.s the State which 
gave to liberty its charter oak, whose colonial government, like an- 
cient Israel's, was theocratic to the core, Avith the great Jehovah at 
its head; and whose code of justice, if it made j'ou the jest of 
shallow brains, won you the love of noble souls, for it told how 
in all things great and small you looked to God, who ''flings 
the stars into space from his finger-tips and who tenderly takes 
note of the sparrow when it falls." 

According to a recognized historian, eminent in English pol- 



itics (James Bryce), you framed the first written Constitution 
in the history of free government. 

Your so-called "Blue Laws" cannot be found, I am told, 
upon any statute book today in existence, and must be referred, 
therefore, to the same era of mythology which produced your 
wooden nutmegs. It was your Jonathan Trumbull upon whom 
the great Washington leaned, and who received from the father 
of his country the familiar soubriquet of "Brother Jonathan," 
a term of endearment still applied to the typical New Englander. 
Dear to all Americans is the memory of him whose only regret 
in dying was that he could lay but one life on his country 's altar. 
The martyrs who died in the arena at Rome have found in him 
a kindred spirit, for no whiter soul ever winged its way to the 
gates of heaven than Nathan Hale's. Has any child in the pub- 
lic schools of Georgia not heard of him who led the embattled 
farmers? Nay, not one; nor while the stars shall cluster on 
the azure field of Old Glory will Americans anywhere forget 
Israel Putnam. 



But, sir, when a Georgian speaks to an audience in Connec- 
ticut, there are peculiar ties to which he must revert. First of 
all comes he whose name is inscribed on the immortal scroll of 
freedom ; and not while the memory of Lyman Hall is em- 
blazoned there can any thorn of malice rankle here. On the 
coast of Georgia, in 1736, the great Whitefield founded at Beth- 
esda an asylum for orphans, which today survives, the oldest 
organized charity in America. He often preached on your 
commons. Two centuries ago he started a revival among you, 
the sweet thunders of which are still echoing through your val- 
leys. Buried at Newburyport, on the coast of Massachusetts, he 
sleeps beside the restless sea, whose tides while murmuring of 
what he did to evangelize America still bear him a daily message 
from his native shores of England. 

In my college town of Athens we boast an institution which 
we fondly style the oldest State college in America. It well 
deserves this designation. I am speaking, sir, of our State 
university, founded amid the smoke of the Revolution. It was 
then known as Franklin College, named for your great New 

10 



Knglaud stalesiuaji and idiilosopher. its iueeptiou came ironi 
none other than Lyman Hall, who, when govoi-nor of the State, in 
1783, reeonnnondcd its establishment. Georgia's State univer- 
sity, therefore, is itself a nionnnient to thi.s illnstrions son of 
Wallingford. 

But the eount is not exhausted. The original charter of 
Kranklin College was drawn by a native of Connecticut, Abra- 
ham Baldwin, then a member of the State Legislature, after- 
wards an American senator. Its first president was a native 
of Connecticut, Josiah ]\leigs. It.s greatest individual benefac- 
tor, Joseph E. Brown, our war governor, was a law student at 
Vale. Over one of its nuiin branches, the Georgia School of 
Technology, there sat as president a man who, by a singular co- 
incidence, bore tile name of him whom we today honor, Ly)nan 
Hall. 

Beloved of all Georgians is your illustrious fellow-citizen, 
AVilliam Howard Taft. Familiar to u.s all. in name at least, are 
many of your ancient towns. AVallingford gave us Lyman Hall. 
Windsor was the ancestral home of our Ilillyers. Branford 
was the pioneer seat of our Goulds. From the town of Water- 
bury came Stephen Upson, to find not only a grave in Georgia's 
bosom, but an everlasting memorial upon her map. 

We owe yo\i much. Nor let me forget to remind you, in a 
vein of good-natured satire, that w^hen Georgia adopted her 
ordinance of secession in 1861 she borrowed its language from 
a set of resolutions framed in the famous Hartford Convention 
of 1813. To what extent the great John C. Calhoun derived 
his doctrine of nullification from Connecticut Avhile an under- 
graduate at New Haven, I cannot tell. But Connecticut and 
Georgia are both done with secession. In the words of the great 
Ben Hill: "We arc back in the house of our fathers, and we 
are here to stay, thank God." 

Before starting upon my pilgrimage to New England, I 
visited the burial place of the Georgia Signers in the city of 
Augusta. There, underneath a plain but massive obelisk of 
granite, sleeps Lyman Hall, the great New England patriot, to 
honor whom this vast multitude is today assembled. Standing 
there, with uncovered head, I invoked the God of my country 
to give me a message to my countrymen — to imbue rae with 
wisdom for this hour's task. If I shall utter a single sentiment. 

11 



therefore, which is not meet for my country's altar, let it perish 
upon my lips, and let him who brings it be forgotten. 



The Puritan in Georgia. Unique in the history of our State 
is the place which belongs to Dr. Lyman Hall; unique, I might 
also add, in the histor}^ of the colonies. Not only was this adopted 
son of our State one of the great trio of patriots to affix his 
signature for Georgia to the immortal scroll of independence, 
but Dr. Hall was for months the only delegate from Georgia in 
the Continental Congress. Before the rest of the colony was 
prepared to act on the burning issue of separation from Eng- 
land, Dr. Hall was sent to Philadelphia by his home people as 
an accredited delegate from the parish of St. John ; and 
equipped with these credentials he took his seat in the great 
hall of patriots. 



Georgia was the youngest of the English colonies in North 
America. She was also the last to lower the colonial flag. Her 
loyalty to England was deep-rooted ; and even when she did 
sever the tie of allegiance, it was only in response to the cry 
of blood from the commons of Lexington. Georgia was not less 
devoted to the cause of freedom than was either Virginia or 
Connecticut. She cherished the traditions of Runnymede. Her 
very charter itself committed her to a love of liberty by making 
her an asylum for indigent but honest prisoners for debt. 

But there were good reasons for tempering the rash counsels 
of impatience with the prudent safe-guards of conservatism. She 
occupied an exposed position on the extreme southern frontier. 
She needed the protection of the mother-country against two 
powerful enemies: the Spaniards on the south and the Indians 
to the north and west. Her territory, though vast in extent, 
was sparsely settled. Moreover, she had been exceedingly for- 
tunate in most of her dealings with the English crown. Perhaps 
of all the original thirteen colonies, she had been the favorite 
of the mother-country, an affectionate distinction quite often 
conferred upon the youngest member of the household. She had 
sprung from an impulse of benevolence. Some of the noblest 
men in England were among her sponsors, ministers of the gos- 
pel, viscounts, dukes and earls. Deep interest was felt in her 
establishment, from a humanitarian standpoint. She had been 

12 



served by her trustees without fee or eniolmnent ; and gome of 
these were still in life. ' " -;• the Uluatriona ' / "ler 

beloved founder, (jtove.- .;zht. who had lill' iv^^ 

ehair since 1760. was deservedly popular. On a visit to Eng- 
land, he had been made a baronet, in recognition of his wise 
counsels, and was destined at the close of a long life to fill an 
honored grave in England's great cathedral — the only native- 
born American to be buried in Westminster Abbey. 

To the foregoing list of reasons may be added still another. 
Greorgia was christened for the father of the reignum sovereign, 
whose name was attached to her royal charter. >■ "he 

Teutonic name of the House of Brunswick, and si. - - :on- 
strained, in a sense, by her baptismal rites, to uphold the scepter 
of the Georges. These considerations served to keep her within 
the loyal lines. Even when twelve of the colonies were repre- 
sented at Philadelphia, she met without flinching the reproachful 
gaze of her haughty sisters, and solitary and alone still floated 
the English colors. 

But Georgia did not fail to protest. Within the limits of 
allegiance, she resisted the oppressive measures of Parliament. 
If there were staunch Tories in the province, there were also 
stout Whigs; and down in the parish of St. John there was a 
colony of Puritans — sturdy men of iron, whose ancestors had 
fought at Marston iloor. under the banners of Cromwell. None 
too fond of kings at best, the Boston Port Bill had aroused all 
the slumbering fires of an old feudal hatred. The sufferings of 
kinsmen in Ifassaehusetts stirred them to unwonted activities. 
Provoked at Georgia's inertia, they resolved upon independent 
action .- nor did they stop until they had sent a delegate to rep- 
resent them singlehanded in the Continental Congress. That 
man. a Puritan of the Puritans, was Dr. Lvman Hall. 



Born at Wallingford. Conn.. April 12. 1724. Lyman Hall 
came upon the scene of action eight years in advance of Wash- 
ington, his future compatriot fl732). Benjamin Franklin was 
eighteen years his senior (1706). -John Hancock was thirteen 
years his junior (1737). He was one year older than James 
Otis (1725) and two years younger than Samuel Adams (1722). 
Georgia was not upon the map ; but the town of Wallingford. 
ancient among the historic centers of New England, was cele- 

13 



brating its semi-centennial; and when the l)ells of independence 
began to chime, on the 4th of July, 1776. it was then more 
than a century old. Eenowned for its great manufacturing es- 
lablishments, for its splendid system of public schools, and for 
its beautiful liomes, em})owered amid ancestral shades, Walling- 
ford's crowning glory is the memory of him who in the firma- 
ment of li])erty will shin(> with the fixed stars forever. 

It is an interesting coincidence that in both hemispheres, the 
name of Wallingford is associated with liberty's cradle. Wall- 
ingford. Kng., from the environs of whicli must have come some 
of your pioneer settlers, is less than an hour's journey })y rail 
from the brook of Ruiniymede. on whose banks King John af- 
fixed his signature to the Great Charter, which started humanity 
upon its march to freedom. There is an old tradition which 
tells us that a certain sword which figured in this eventful drama 
was forged at Wallingford ; but we cannot vouch for its basis 
in fact. Wallingford. Conn., gave Lyman Hall to the Declara- 
tion of Independence, an instrument second only to the Great 
Charter, among liberty's sacred heir-looms. On this hallowed 
spot, in infancy, the great patriot was rocked. Upon these 
scenes his eyes first looked in life. Beside the banks of j^onder 
stream and through the sylvan stretches of these forest soli- 
tudes, he often roamed in childhood's golden days. Here, on 
his cop3^-book at school, he first wrote the familiar name, which 
was afterwards to blaze on the scroll of liberty's immortals. To 
the famous oak, in which the charter of his native State w^as 
hidden, he doubtless nuule many a pious pilgrimage; and from 
these rambles may have s])i'ung liis uiulying luiti-ecl of oppres- 
sion, his mortal antipathy to tyrants. 

Dr. ITall came of devout Puritan stock. His emigrant an- 
cestor, John Hall — four genei-ations removed — was a passenger 
on board the good ship "Griffin," which came from England 
early in the seventeenth century ; and, after tarrying for a while 
in Boston, he removed to New Haven, but finally settled at Wall- 
ingford, where descendants of the old pioneer are still living. 
The immediate forebears of the Signer were John Hall and Mary 
Street, the latter a grand-daughter of Dr. Samuel Street, the 
first Congregational minister to settle in the borough. 

Graduating from Yale College, in 1747, in a class of twenty- 
eight members, tlie future ]i}itriot began to prepare for the pul- 

14 



pit under an uncle, the Reverend Samuel Hall; but a prefer- 
ence for the healing art induced him to renounce theology for 
medicine, a profession in which he was destined to attain high 
distinction. There was, however, no relin(iuishment of religion. 
In ministering to the bodily ills of his fellow-men, he did not 
relax his zeal for the cure of souls; but rather, like the apostle 
Luke, he combined both callings in one; and, true to the teach- 
ings of his New England home, remained an hum])le follower of 
the gentle doctor of Gencssaret. 

Horace Greeley's famous nmxim, "Young man, go West," 
was given at a time wlien the iron horse and the electric tele- 
graph had begun to extend our empire toward the Rocky 
Mountains. But at the time of which we speak the sage advice 
of New England seers was "Young man, go South." The beck- 
oning Eldorado lay in a different direction. Accordingly, in 
1751, with his fair young bride, whose maiden name was Mary 
Osborne, he turned his face southward. But let us precede him ; 
and Avhile our yovuig physician, on a frail bark, is slowly making 
his way from New Haven to Charleston, let us await his arrival 
in the gentle colony of Oglethorpe, whose challenge he is soon to 
hurl at the feet of George the Third. 



On the coast of Georgia, at a point midway between Savan- 
nah and Darien, in an angle which the old military road here 
makes with the road to Sunbury, there stands an ancient house 
of worship, two stories in height, built entirely of wood. It is 
in a splendid state of preservation ; and, though not the first 
structure to be erected on this site, it dates back to 1792. For 
nearly half a century, its organ-keys have been silent, its oracles 
voiceless, but there is not a fold in the most distant mountains 
to which its influence has not reached. Here centered in days 
gone by the famous Midway settlement, a community of Puri- 
tans, the impress of whose devout lives upon I he history of our 
State two centuries have attested. 

It will repay us to glance for a moment at its church rolls. 
Conspicuous among its early pastors was Dr. Abiel Holmes, the 
father of your great New England autocrat. Two Signers of 
the Declaration of Independence worshipped in its pews, Lyman 
Hall and Button Gwinnett. Two famous soldiers of the Revolu- 
tion were among its connnunicants, Daniel Stewart and James 

15 



Screven. In the little burial ground across the road, stands 
a handsome shaft which the Federal goverinnent has lately 
erected to conuneniorate these heroes, the former of whom was 
an ancestor of ex-President Theodore Roosevelt. For a long 
period of years, the revered Dr. I. S. K. Axson ministered to 
the congregation. His grand-daughter, Ellen, became in after 
years the first wife of Woodrow Wilson, afterwards President of 
the United States. 

15ut the rolls are full of shining names. Governors, United 
States Senators, members of Congress, judges, educators, schol- 
ars, financiers, diplomats, soldiers, sailors, foreign missionaries, 
and ministers of the gospel, have sprung from this stock in num- 
bers equalled by no other community in the State, and perhaps 
))y few in the world. Organized upon Congregational lines, it 
maintained to the last an independent status, though its off- 
spring was predominantly Presbyterian ; and out of eighty -six 
ministers of the gospel who have sprnng from this settlement, 
fifty-one have been Presbyterians, nineteen Baptists, thirteen 
Methodists, and three Episcopalians. (Stacy's History of the 
Presbyterian Church in Georgia, p. 94.) Not less than seven 
counties on the map of Georgia today Commemorate the Midway 
settlement and its descendants. These are Tjil)erty, Screven, 
Hall, Gwinnett, Baker, Stewart and Bacon. 

This was the church to which Dr. Lyman Hall belonged. It 
welcomed the vilest sinner to its penitential altars, but closed 
the door of the kingdom of heaven upon Tories. It stood for 
independence, both in religion and in politics ; and with the on- 
coming of the Revolution, it became a proverbial hot-bed of 
AVhig sentiment in Georgia, a thorn in the side of Governor 
Wright, and a positive menace to the Crown of England. 

Religion was central to all the activities of the Midway set- 
tlement; but the patriarchal institution flourished among them 
like a cedar of Lebanon. We are far enough removed from the 
asperities of our late Civil War to approach this sul).iect in an 
academic spirit. It may surprise you to know, in view of 
Georgia's subsequent record as a slave-holding State, that ours 
was the only one of the original thirteen colonies from which 
slavery was pi-oliibil(Hl l)y law. The colony, having been found- 
ed to help indigent debtors, it was deemed a necessary precau- 
tion to remove all temptation and to make the emigrant rely 

16 



upoii Ills own cxciiions. l^'rom IToo to 1741), therei'ore, not a 
drop of rum and not a sliaekle of servitude were permitted on 
(Georgia's free soil. 

Later, the demands of eomi)etition caused these statutes to 
he abrogated, together with one also which restricted the tenure 
of lands. Fresh tides of poi)ulatiou at once began to pour into 
tlu^ province; and it was at tiiis time that, drawn into the south- 
ward current of immigration, the famous colony of Midway 
was established. The ancestors of these Puritan settlers came 
from Dorchestei", England. End)arking for America in 1630, 
they made a settlement at Dorchester, Mass., 1)ut five years later 
we find them at Windsor, ('onn. Tn 1695, some of these, again 
branching out. planted a settlement on the Ashley River, in 
South Carolina. To the new home place was again applied the 
ancestral name of Dorchester. 

Tn the employment of slave-labor, Soutli Carolina at this 
time led all tlie lower colonies. AVith the thrift, therefore, 
characteristic of New England's off-spring, these Puritan set- 
tlers acquired extensive holdings, in a region none too favored, 
lint ever and anon they looked toward the fertile stretches of 
hind which lay beyond the Savannah River; and, when the 
l)arriers to immigration were removed, the journey into Georgia 
began at once, most of the settlers coming in 1752. Here the 
colony prospei-ed. AVhite labor could not be profitably used in 
cultivating the rich alluvial bottoms, chiefly devoted at this 
time to the culture of rice and indigo, afterwards, to the pro- 
dnction of sea-island cotton. Consequently, slaves were em- 
ployed, on an increasing scale of numbers, as fortunes grew 
and estates multiplied. The settlers at Midway became in time 
as a class the largest slave-holders in Georgia; and in this part 
of the State, at the close of the war, there was an overwhelming 
preponderance of blacks. The ratio was perhaps ten to one, 
attesting the prosperous conditions of life which here centered 
during the baronial days of the Old South. The religious wel- 
fare of the slaves was never neglected. On the Lord's Day, they 
worshipped with the whites, occupying seats reserved for them 
in the galleries, access to which was obtained by means of out- 
side stair-Avays. At the communion sacrament, both the whites 
and the blacks were served from the same vessels, the whites, of 
(•oursc, coniMiuning first. Dr. Cliarles C. Jones, Sr.. an eminent 

17 



divine, the father of Georgia's most distinguished historian, of 
the same name, consecrated his life to evangelistic work among 
the negroes in the IMidway settlement. 

Subsequent to the war, when the whites began to migrate 
to other parts of Georgia, devotional services in the old church 
ceased — its eventful career came to an end. Except on com- 
memorative occasions its doors are seldom opened to the public ; 
and today, like a grim sentinel, it stands amid the abandoned 
acres. But the past at least is secure ; and, in the records kept 
by the historic muse, old Midway church is immortal. 



It was probably between the years 1752 and 1754 that Dr. 
Hall settled in Georgia with the Puritan colony from Dor- 
chester, S. C. The prevailing unhealthiness of the region, es- 
pecially during the mid-summer months, gave him an ex- 
cellent opportunity for the exercise of his skill as a practi- 
tioner of medicine, and established for him both a wide ac- 
quaintance and a powerful influence among the Puritan set- 
tlers. Without scintillating brilliancy, he was a man of solid 
attainments, of vigorous moral and intellectual fibers, and of 
deep religious convictions. Like rugged old John Knox, of 
Scotland, he feared not the face of man, nor did he stand in 
awe of royal scepters. The writers of the period, while em- 
phasizing these qualities — all characteristic of New England — 
at the same time bear testimony to his engaging manners, to 
his generous impulses of heart, and to his quick and tender 
sympathies. To this descriptive portrayal it may be added 
that, standing six feet in height, he was veritably a Saul 
among his contemporaries. From the start, therefore, his 
pronounced views on public issues made him a leader among 
the people w'hose oracle he became in things political, wdiile 
serving them in ways professional. 

At first Dr. Hall settled upon a small plantation some few 
miles north of the Midw^ay JNIeeting House, but he later re- 
moved to Sunbury, a town wdiose streets have long since been 
obliterated by an ever-green mantle of Bermuda, but which in 
former times was no mean rival of its sea-port neighbor, the 
present beautiful metropolis of Savannah. It w^as at Sunbury 
that Governor Wright located the head of the republican 

18 



vlisttlToctioii in Georgia. (U'claring that it caiiu' from the Puri- 
tan settlers, who had iinl)il)(Mi too freely th(> vieions principles 
of Oliver Cromwell. 

Here Dr. Hall establislu'd liimself in the renter oL" a popu- 
h)us community of well-to-do planters. At the onthreak of 
the Kevolution, he was the most influential man in the parish, 
one to whom the people instinctively looked for leadership 
amidst tlie perplexities of an anxious hour. l>utton Gwinnett 
was also a resident of Sunbury, bnt having eome from England 
oidy four years before, he was not so potent a factor in shap- 
ing opinion as Dr. Hall, who had been a resident of the dis- 
trict for two decades. 'Po quote an eminent historian of our 
State (Charles C. Jones, -Ir.) : "On the revolutionary altars 
erected within the MidAvay District were the fires of resistance 
to the dominion of England earliest kindled ; and of all the 
patriots of that uncompromising comnuuiity, Lyman Hall ad- 
<led stoutest fuel to the flames."" 

Time forbids elaborate details. I must, therefore, gener- 
alize. Georgia was not lukewarm in her opposition to the 
Stami) Act. neither was she laggard. The merchants of Savan- 
nah were a )uiit in protesting against unjust taxation. But un- 
til the J^joston Port Bill was passed in 177-t there was little talk 
of actual separation from England. Matters reached a climax 
when the charter of Massachusetts was revoked. It then be- 
came evident, even in the remote colony of Georgia, that 
"blood -was thicker than water." So far as the Midway settle- 
ment, at least, was concerned, the time for action was at hand. 
The Puritans in Georgia were one with the Puritans in New 
England. Supplies were sent to the Boston sufferers, while at 
home the cry w^as "Independence."' On July 27, 1774, a 
Provincial Congress Avas held in Savannah; but only the lower 
parishes were represented. No radical steps, therefore, were 
taken ; in fact, a vote Avas postponed even on a set of mild res- 
olutions. At an adjourned session held on August 10, there 
were still a majority of the parishes unrepresented, due to 
Governor Wright's vigorous activities; and, though resolutions 
Avere passed, no drastic measures Avere adopted. On January 
10, 1775, a radical faction elected delegates to the Continental 
Congress, but since the question of legality might be raised on 

19 



miooritT eredejatials>. th<ise deVgates did liot rfpair to Phila- 

■of, dispatch (Hi a lott<'r to John Haii- 

vv.vtv. i:.^^.....,, V . .... V viugrcsss informing him of the facts. 

But there vas one j^nsh in Ircorgia whidi needed no 
further time for deliberation. It was tlie parish of St. John, 
1' -- - - 90 iho most radical action w^s not taken by the 

: — ,^5s. Dr. Hall withdrew, followed hy other rep- 

resentatives irorn the Midway district, Oj\ returning home, he 
. _, - I -j.^^, coustitnents to taho independent action, Ac- 
- .... a parish meeting was held; and, on March 21, 1775, 

Dr, Hall was himself sent to Philadelphia. In dne season, he 
took his seat in the Continental Congress as an accredited dele- 
gate from St, John's parisli in the colony of Georgia, To me. 
there is nothing more dramatic in onr annals than the lieroie iso- 
" this great New Euglander. who for months, with no 
^ at his side, representing only a parish, sat there, in 
old Independence Hall, Georgia's sole delegate. He was not 
aeeorded the full voting power, since he represented only a 
fractional part of the province, hnt he lent the weight of his 
wise coimsels to the delibeTations of the Congress and was 
treated hy his associates with great deference and respect. 
This leadership in the cause of independence taken hy the par- 
ish of St. John is today memorialized in a county, which in- 
cludes the famous Midway settlement, and which hears the 
sacred name of Libertv. 



On came the battle of Lexington. Fought April 19, 1775, it 
sounded a cry of blood, to which Georgia returned an answer- 
ing echo. Her conservatism was at last overcome. In the wake 
of this sanguinary engagement, a Provincial Congress was held 
in Savannah at which all the parishes were represented. It 
was Georgia's first secession convention. There was no longer 
any disposition to temporize. Do"wn at last came the royal 
colors. The tie of allegiance was severed. Delegates were 
chosen to the Continental Congress: and Georgia was no 
longer a colony of England. .According to Governor Wright, 
the Sons of LibertA',' on this occasion, acted like drunken men. 
If so, they Avere intoxicated with the Pentecostal wine of the 
new freedom. 

20 



•Xnly 4-. I77H, was a aay nn-ver "o )>? foi'^orTeii Ji 'lie jat^ia- 

ary af man, Ir aiarki^t t "niraiiui point in jiiinan lusroi'^ 

__ . _____ _^ii 

an i^ominions s ro I'eeeive ■"hem. 

nnr a nan t^ 

vnrii i;ir' _. .A- 

Of^v ^ausft ' in. Ft .inna 



ni is^vinufrr iv. 
: tinier :■.. 



sni- ; oy a nxtn a> 



nni He nanons or 

"v-is nm _ dve part, 

the .meuvers. i Lon^ess iinrii 1777. 

" / ■ a rile 

..1 riir 
^itare. oth Ms residence ar r^unbnry ami his pliinra- 

■ ■ ■ M- 

northern colonies, whers he remained uuiil 1732. He tlieu 
sseT*' 

zei"; (ion-stmerion >^t a new lioi i 

most, 1)1 ;u.s lioir 

see far ahe-' ._,.. . ..^ -_i - . 

Grovemnr o nisn'annn diar an 

Aet wn iirisi-ali.. 

ssidf' 

por' 

deii 

for:-. .1 ■ .11 .. 

of these tracts . 

21 



and Franklin. But the crowning glory of his administration 
was the impetus Avhieh it gave to education, growing out of 
which came Franklin College — llie first college in America 1o 
be supported by Stale aid. 

Retiring from office at the close of his administration, i)r. 
Hall reached again for his saddle-bags, but was again called to 
serve the public as judge of the Inferior Court of Chatham 
County, an office which he held until his removal to Burke 
County, in 1790, at which time he settled upon a fine planta- 
tion at Shell Bluff, on the Savannah River, preparatory to en- 
gaging in extensive operations as a planter. But his work was 
done. On October 19, 1790, at the age of sixty-seven years. 
Dr. Hall breathed his last. He was laid to rest in a brick vault, 
on a high bluff, overlooking the river. But, in 1848 — more 
ilian half a century later — his remains were exhumed and 
taken to Augusta, there to rest beside those of George Walton, 
under a handsome monument erected by patriotic citizens to 
the Georgia Signers. Tt stands directly in front of the historic 
old court house. Etfoi'ts to find the remains of Button Gwin- 
nett at this time proved unsuccessful ; but the old patriot 
doubtless reposes in an unmarked grave in the Colonial Ceme- 
tery at Savannah. 

Gwinnett was killed in a duel with General Lachlan Mc- 
intosh, at the outbreak of the Revolution. Dr. Hall Avas one 
of Gwinnett's executors and a warm personal friend. In- 
censed by the circumstances connected Avith his colleague's 
death, he brought the matter to the attention of the State 
Legislature and charged the officers of the law with neglect 
in failing to arrest Mcintosh. The latter surrendered himself 
to the civil authorities and demanded a trial, the result of 
which was an acquittal.' However, public sentiment was so 
aroused over the duel, that General Mcintosh, at the sug- 
gestion of friends, applied to Washington for dutj'^ outside the 
State, whither he removed until 1781, Avhen he returned to aid 
in the recapture of Savannah from the British. 

When the remains of Dr. Hall Avere taken from the old 
brick vault at Shell Bluff, the marble slab marking the \^ault 
was sent to the toAvn authorities at Wallingford, Conn., to be 
Itreserved by the people of his birth-place in memory of an 
illustrious fellow-toAvnsman, Avho slept in a graA-e far to the 

22 



South. Dr. Ilall left a widow and one son, both of whom dird 
in a short time after his own demise. He is, therefore, unrep- 
resented at the present time by anj^ direct lineal descendants. 
In 1818, Georgia created three new^ counties, to bear the 
names of her immortal trio of signers: Lyman Hall, Button 
Gwinnett, and George Walton; and in numerous other ways 
she has borne grateful testimony to the fact that she has not 
forgotten them ; but to Dr. Hall attaches a distinction which 
belongs only to the apostle Luke among the Christian evan- 
gelists. He Avill ahvays be knoAvn in Georgia as "The Beloved 
Physician." 



Citizens of Wallingford, to you all honor. In an age of 
sordid selfishness, you have not forgotten the prayer of Kip- 
ling : 

"Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet. 
Lest we forget, lest we forget." 
Nor have you failed to appreciate the fact that what consti- 
tutes our republic's real wealth is, in its last analysis, not 
money but men. For this reason you have met to honor Lyman 
Hall. More than a century ago, he fell asleep in a distant 
State, but his name is still musical upon your lips, his memory 
still fragrant around your firesides. On Independence Day, in 
1858, you erected to his memory, in your beautiful city of the 
dead, a cenotaph to which you attached a faded slab, the gift 
of Georgia. Today, you remember him again. But the sturdy 
old patriot deserves his memorial honors. There is no granite 
in all your mountains firm enough to bespeak his principles ; no 
snow^ upon your cedared summits white enough to match his 
patriotism or to furnish him a winding sheet in the pantheon 
of the ages. 

This monument will be a glory to your town, an inspiration 
to your children, beyond the towering piles of your palaces of 
trade; and, amid the tumult of the republic's Age of Gold, it 
Avill take you back to the finer things of the republic's Golden 
Age. Hither let childhood come with its rippling laughter, in 
the sunny glow^ of life's morning. Let age here tarry, be- 
neath its wintry locks, to muse at eventide upon its yesterdays. 
Let youth here pause in its high career to gather promise for 

23 



its bright tomorrows ; and here let sweethearts catch from each 
other's eyes the rosy light of love's young drcani. 

Here toil will find a place of rest, patriotism a fount of in- 
spiration, and weariness a balm in Gilead. The republic's 
safety in the years to come will here find its anchor and its 
guarantee. Stocks and bonds, deeds and mortgages, goods 
and chattels, lands and tenements are not America's best se- 
curities. These are but mere baubles, play-things of an hour — 
evanescent as a rain-bow's hue and brittle as a s})ider's web. 
Truth only is eternal. Character out-weighs coin. Principles 
out-last pyramids. Heroism and virtue will survive when Cas- 
tor and Pollux are blotted from the constellations. 

Sir, beside the sweet Savannah's Aviiuling waters, in the 
heart of a city famed for its chivalric people, sleeps all that 
is mortal of Dr. Lyinau Hall. There, in a fond embrace, Geor- 
gia folds to her bosom the ashes of her adopted son ; and there, 
in the tender arms of his foster-mother, beueatli the arching 
blue of our Southern skies and amid the healing balm of our 
Southern roses, he will rest in peace until the sweet bugler of 
the dawn shall bid him rise again. Georgia loved him much. 
Throughout the ages she will hold him to her heart, and upon 
liis glorious memory naught but her fondest smiles will ever 
linger. 

Upon one of the great counties of our State his name has 
been conferred. In holy baptismal rites Ave have bestowed it 
upon our children at the altars of God. Woven into our history, 
emblazoned upoii our map, written into our family bibles, and 
sounded in maternal music at our home firesides, it breathes to 
us an incense more precious than the spikenard of Marj^ and 
sweeter than the spice of the Orient. 

Other favorites in the years to eonu' will bask in the sunny 
smiles of Georgia. But Lyman Hall will not grow less as the 
brightening list grows longer. Green will his recollection ever 
be, embalmed in the morning dew of liberty's dawn. His sun 
will .suffer no eclipse. His fame will wear no fading colors. 
Laureled in Georgia's love forever, his memory is immortal. 
Each spring will renew its fragrance A\dth the heather on her 
hills; each dawn prolong its echoes in the music of her valleys; 
and, mating itself in adamant with the eternal grandeur of her 
rocks, it will journey on, a pilgrim of the ages, till 

""Wrapt in fire the realms of ether glow 
And heaven's last thunder shakes tho woi-ld below." 



INTELLECTUAL PATRIOTISM 



INTELLECTUAL PAIRIOIISAI 

On the afternoon of the same day whicli witnessetl the unveiling of tlie 
granite boulder to Dr. Lyman llall, October 19, 1916, Mr. Knight delivered 
the address which follows at the corner-stone laying- of the Lyman llall High 
(school, in the town of Wallinsfoi'd. 

Fellow-Citizens of Connecticut, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

The republic's future army of defense is today encamped in 
its public schools. Here, too, we find our coming captains of iii- 
ilustry, our adolescent field marshals of finance, and our em- 
bryonic leaders of business. Knowledge is i)()wer. We no long- 
er measure giants by cubic inches, nor compute what men 
are wortli to the world in the paltry mathematics of mammon. 
The demand of the age is for trained intellects. Even the 
titanic engines of Avar are today i)ropelled by brain; skill is 
at a premium, even in the brute empire of force; and, paradox- 
ical as it may seem, a nation's deadliest thunder-bolts are 
hurled by its thinkers. 

Our inheritance from the past and our mission to the future 
alike forbid that we should imperil the cause of liberty by neg- 
lecting its rightful and proper safe-guards. Too dearly have 
we purchased our freedom to leave it unprotected. We must 
continue, therefore, to look to our battle-ships; but the time is 
fast coming, in the cyclonic sweep of events, wlieii we will no 
longer settle our quarrels in the arena of combat. 

On the battlefields of Europe, the last struggle is taking 
place today between the effete despotism of the old world and 
the vigorous young democracy of the new thought. ^Militarism 
is staggering to its down-fall, drunk with the Avine of its own 
blood ; and we can see its doom fore-shadowed by the same 
finger of diety Avhich wrote for Belshazzar upon the walls of 
Babylon, The rightful monarch, seated upon a throne of char- 
acter, must wield a scepter of intellect and wear a croAvn of 
spiritual gems. The true majesty of man has been transferred 
to the realm of mind; and, even in republican America, we can 
respond to this sentiment with a lusty sliout : "'Long live 
the king." 

27 



Half of the world is today deluged in blood. The mightiest 
war of history rages beyond the Atlantic. The fateful hour 
of Armageddon seems to have arrived; and what its outcome 
will be, or when its carnage will cease, no prophet's eye can 
foresee. But peace broods today upon America. We are free to 
pursue our accustomed avocations with none to molest us or 
to make us afraid. Our vast territory is laved by the waters 
of two great oceans. Our western prairies feed the Avorld. Our 
southern cotton-fields clothe its nakedness. Our eastern coal 
mines warm its fire-sides. But our wealth as a people is not to 
be found in our abundance; nor did our fathers lay in blood 
the foundations of this nation that we might minister alone to 
the material wants of mankind. 

Ours, sir, is a higher destinj^ — a holier obligation. We are 
at peace today because of the part which an all-wise God has 
fitted us to play in a great world-crisis. The last effort of 
divine providence in behalf of the human race is this govern- 
ment of ours dedicated to civic righteousness; and, if we fail 
to make good, the ark of liberty is once more afloat. But we 
will not fail, sir, if we are true to the principles bequeathed to 
us by our revolutionary sires, and true to these we will be, come 
what may. Not since time began has such a slaughter-house of 
human butchery been built for man's destruction, as the war- 
ring nations have built in Europe; but, after the conflict is 
over, humanity, surfeited with the sickening horrors of Avar, 
will turn to the beckoning angels of peace, and then will come 
America's opportunity — golden to the core, not only for the 
expansion of her foreign trade, but to advance the cause of 
human liberty around the world. 

"Ill tlu! l)eauly of the lilies. 

Christ was born across the sea, 
With a glory in Tlis bosom 

That transfigures you and me; 
As He died to make men holy, 
Let us lire to make them free — 
AVliilo God is marching on." 

Stirred by the memories which this day evokes, I recall 
a scene at the court of Paris. It was shortly after the surren- 
der at Yorktown. One of the company present, a Frenchman, 

28 



proposed this toast: "Here's to France, the moon whose re- 
spleiulent beams diffuse light amid (hirkness. " Next, the 
English ambassador proposed this toast: ''Here's to England, 
tlie SUM wliose effulgent rays convert night into day." To both 
of which, with a ready wit, the American ambassador, jNIr. 
Franklin, replied: "Here's to America, the young Joshua who 
commanded both the sun and tiie moon to stand still, and tlicrv 
obeyed him." What was then only a boast is today a fact. The 
Russian bear may growl and the British lion may roar and the 
German bull-dog may bark, but serenely above them all, in a 
cloudless ether, are poised the out-stretched wings of the 
American eagle. 

Our primacy among the nations is explained by a combina- 
tion of forces which have been at Avork on this continent for 
three full-rounded centuries. The first of these is religious lib- 
erty — freedom to worship God according to the dictates of an 
individual conscience. We have wisely separated between 
church and State; but since the wilderness days of our humble 
beginnings we have been essentially a Sabbath-keeping and 
a God-fearing people, and we have rooted our greatness as a 
nation in the divim; thunders of Sinai. The war of the 
Revolution was fought to establish the inherent right of a 
people to govern themselves. Taxation without representation 
was obnoxious to English subjects inheriting the traditions of 
Runnymede and trained in the school of the Great Charter. 
The second of these forces, therefore, is political liberty, a nat- 
ural outgrowth of liberty of conscience; and to these must be 
added still a third, wdiich we will call freedom of intellect, a 
force represented in this magnificent high school building, the 
corner-stone of which w-e are here to lay — a force typified in 
what has ever been the glory of New England, her unique, un- 
paralleled, and unapproached system of free public schools. 
Sovereignty in a republic is vested in the people ; and if govern- 
ment in a republic be wisely administered the sovereign power 
must be educated. I could wish for my country, therefore, no 
greater blessing tlmn a repetition in every hamlet throughout 
our land of what New England has done for the intellectual 
training of her youth. 



29 



Sir, it is quite the fashion in certain quarters to belittle the 
narrow-minded theology of the Calvinists. But when the last 
word has been spoken it still remains an established fact that 
the little republic of Geneva, at the foot of the Alps, was the 
foster-mother of all the modern democracies. Even our own 
proud bird of the mountains was sired by eagles that nested 
upon the crags of Switzerland. Calvinism prescribed a rig- 
orous code, but it carved colossal characters — it moulded men. 
It rocked the cradle of infant liberty. It colored the current 
of our nation's history, beginning at its fountain-sources. It 
entered into the warp and woof of our government. It bore 
fruit in the Declaration of Independence. Its features were 
reflected in the frame-Avork of the Federal Constitution. 

Nor do I fail to detect in the impress of Calvinism upon 
America the all-pervading influence of the New England fath- 
ers. The stern faith of the Puritan may not have conduced to 
a merry heart, like the gentle creed of the Cavalier, but it in- 
culcated the principles which have made America great. In 
laying the foundations of his commonwealth, he looked to a city 
whose builder and maker Avas God. The Puritan may have been 
an austere type. He may have considered it a violation of 
the fourth commandment to kiss his wife on the Sabbath Day. 
but he stood for a robust Christianity ; and his faith in an all- 
wise providence brought peace to his pillow when he lay down 
to sleep beneath the stars — surrounded his cabin-home on the 
frontier with the viewless chariots of Jehovah — sent hini forth 
unafraid into the perils of the wilderness — made him just in 
all his dealings with his fellow-men; and, binding him in pray- 
er to a throne of omnipotence, gave him a giant's strength for 
all his battles. 

Doubly equipped Avas the Puritan for his great work of 
giving an empire to freedom since he not only received his dis- 
cipline of faith in the school of Calvin, but his training as a 
soldier in the army of Cromwell. He belonged to a militant 
church. He knelt to a Lord of Hosts. I can see him now. 
trudging through the bleak snows of New England, to the rude 
little house of Avorship, his bible under his left arm, his musket 
over his right shoulder, lifting upon the frosty air his paean to 
King Immanuel, but ready at any moment to meet the dusky 

30 



minious of King Philip. In an argument with Indians, he 
found the logic of carnal weapons more convincing than the 
sword of the spirit; and, while he trusted in providence, "he 
kept his poAvder dry.'' Taught to defend the principles which 
he loved, he was a hero of faith, in our country's heroic age. 
Rocked in liberty's cradle, lie despised a fetter, whether it 
enslaved a body or a soul, whether it bound an ankle or an in- 
tellect; and, breathing his spirit into our nation's history, he 
sounded the war-cry of freedom, until slavery on this continent 
Avas doomed, and Yorktown woke an echo in distant Appomat- 
tox. 



New England's part in the making of America is not to be 
measured by her geographical area. It takes only a pinch of 
yeast to leaven a pound of bread. Skeptics may scoff at the 
statement, but our greatness as a people is not unrelated to the 
fact that when the Puritan landed upon our sliores he began his 
career in America upon his knees. One does not need to be a 
prophet, sir, to behold the hand of God in history or to read the 
workings of diviue providence in human events. It w^as not a 
mere idle chance, a blind caprice of fate, which thrust the 
Mayflower out into the lightnings of the wild Atlantic. The 
same God who sent Abraham from Ur of the Chaldees into 
Canaan, there to find a soil for his chosen seed, likewise sent the 
Pilgrim to Plymouth Rock, on a mighty mission for the human 
race. He brought Avith him to America the seed of humanity's 
millenial harvest and he looked for wisdom to the guiding 
hand of the great Jehovah. Scarcely had he risen from his 
rude altar at Plymouth Rock than he began to plant in the 
Avilderness three germinal shoots of liberty : the church, the 
town-hall, the public school. Shakespeare seems to have grasped 
this three-fold idea of the Puritan when, in Henry YIII, he 
makes Wolsey say to Cromwell (his servant) : 

"Let all the ends thou aimst at be thy country's. 
Thy God's and truth's." 

These, sir, embody the dynamic forces Avhich have been 
at work in all the subsequent history of our people : freedom 
of conscience (God), freedom political (country), freedom 
intellectual (truth). I do not say that the Puritan alone typ- 

31 



ified these forces to the exclusion of the Cavalier; but he did 
stand for them courageously, consistently, uncompromisingly; 
and today his spirit, reaching down to the very roots of your life 
and permeating all your air, still calls to New England from 
every flower upon her breast : 

' ' Land where our fathers died 
Land of the Pilgrim's pride. 
From every mountain-side 
Let freedom ring." 

Having laid the foundations of our government in the fear 
of God, and having achieved our independence of England 
witli the sword of Gideon, it was next the problem of our fath- 
ers, Avhile keeping church and State separate, to diffuse the 
gospel of knowledge among our people and to educate the sov 
ereigns w^ho were to govern America. But long before this. 
New England had been fostering schools. Five years after 
the settlement of Boston, the foundations of Harvard Uni- 
versity -were laid. "To the end that learning might not be 
buried in the graves of the fathers," one of the earliest stat- 
utes of the General Court of Massachusetts provided that 
every township of fifty households should "appoint one to 
teach," and that when a community increased to a hundred fam- 
ilies it should set up a grammer school. Thus, amid the rude 
conditions of life which then existed in New England, there 
was generated a culture which, according to Emerson, "made 
the elegance of wealth look stupid, which united itself by a 
natural affinity to the liighest minds of the world, which nour- 
ished itself on Plato and Dante, Michael Angelo and Milton, 
and which gave hospitality in this country to the spirit of 
Coleridge and Wordsworth and to the music of Beethoven, be- 
fore the genius of these masters had received a hearty welcome 
in Great Britain." The growth of our country in the coming 
years, the development of its latent possibilities, the conserva- 
tion of its vast material resources, in a word, its continued su- 
premacy among the powers of the globe, depends upon the 
extent to which we propagate learning and our standard of 
efficiency in educating the tender minds of the young. 

Education is the universal solvent. It matters not by what 
name we call the malady fi-om which we may be suffering as 

32 



a body politic, it spriugs from some form of ignoranee, the 
remedy for which is the mind's eiilighteuinent. It matters not 
iu what sphere of society we move, by what means we seek to 
earn a livelihood, to \vhat profession, trade or employment we 
attach ourselves, or from what incentive to exertion our labors 
spring, we can best attain the goal for which we strive by train- 
ing oui- brains to think. 



Sir, we are beset with many diffieiilt pi'obleiiis in tlie section 
from Mliicli I come. If you of the North wish to help us in 
solving these problems you can best do so with your tolerant 
and patient sympathy, remembering that in our section, as in 
yours, the great bulk of our people are patriotic, intelligent and 
lionest. anxious only and eager always to do wliat is right. The 
negro has long been an object of your solicitude. 1 do not ask 
you to make your ])enefactions to him any less; l)ut along with 
the black man let me commend to you the child of the moun- 
taineer in our South(M'n Appalachians. 

Here, remote from the great centers of population, abides 
our primitive American stock. These children of the hills are 
Caucasian to the core — inheritoi's of an unmixed strain of blood, 
bequeathed to them from sires who marched and slept and 
fought with yours, in an ever-glorious struggle for independence. 
In the faces of these boys and girls are stamped the lineaments 
of gentle birth — the hall-marks of noble ancestral seats; and 
they are called by naines which are found on the parish registers 
of the British Isles. Theirs is the old revolutionary blood of 
Cowpens, of King's Mountain and of Yorktown. Yet isolated 
from the currents of life in our growing towns, deprived of 
opportunities which are free to the meanest foreigner's child, 
adversity has forced them to tread the humble i)aths of the 
mountain violets ; and, with out-stretched arms, they are plead- 
ing only for a chance to make good. Our ]>ublic schools cannot 
reach them ; private philanthropy alone must bear this burden. 

Poor in worldly goods, few of the mountaineers of Georgia 
ever owned a slave ; thousands of them, during our Civil War. 
Avere loyal to the Union. 

It is not an appeal to charity, therefore, but to patriotism. 
Men of vision amongst us are preaching conservation — conserva- 
tion of water-powei's. of woods and of minerals. Let nu^ plead 

33 



for the seedlets of an Anglo-Saxon civilization. Today, when 
the scum of Europe, like an Egyptian plague, is over-running 
our shores, we must safe-guard our native elements of strength ; 
and to reclaim these helpless little ones from the clutches of 
ignorance will mean more for the flag, in an hour of danger, 
than will a hundred battle-ships of iron, thundering upon the 
seas. 



The New England school teacher in the South has told us 
something of Connecticut. Let me today return his visit and 
tell you something of the great empire State of Dixie. AVe are 
not Confederates down there — we are not even Democrats to 
hurt; but we are simon-pure, eighteen-karat, re-constructed, 
full-statured, whole-hearted, genuine Americans. Over our school 
liouscs today waves the same flag which floats over yours, and 
in our hearts the same love of country abides. 

Georgia, with an area of 59,000 square miles, is the largest 
State east of the Mississippi River. It was the youngest of 
the colonies, but the first to establish an asylum for orphans 
(Whitefield's Orphan House at Bethosda). It was not a colony 
of jail-birds, but a colony of choice spirits, sifted from the 
debtor-prisons of London. The British government itself had 
taken stock in a colossal enterprise known as the South Sea 
Company, and when this great bubble burst, entailing financial 
panic throughout Great Britain, the debtor prisons began to 
swell. Individuals could not be censured for following an ex- 
ample set them by the government of England ; but the cry of 
the remorseless creditor was "a settlement or to prison." It 
was from an impulse of benevolence, of right, and of justice, 
therefore, that the colony of Georgia was established. Its 
founder was the great Oglethorpe, not only the foremost human- 
itarian but the first soldier of his age in Europe. Relinquishing 
a life of ease and a seat in Parliament, to endure for a decade 
the hardships of a wilderness — extolled in verse by Alexander 
Pope, eulogized by Edmund Burke, beloved by Samuel John- 
son, and painted by Joshua Reynolds, he was the most illus- 
trious Englishman to cross the sea during the whole period of 
American colonization. 

Strange as it may sound to New England's ear, Georgia was 
the only one of the original thirteen colonies from which slavery 

34 



was fxcludfd l)y statiif*', and t'l-oui wliicli ruiu was likewise do- 
ban-ed — precautions doenied most salutary in giviiijj: debtors a 
new start. 1)ut alirogated at length to put Georgia on an equal 
footing wilii liie oilier colonies. 

At Bloody ]\rarsli. on St. Simon's Island, was fought a battle 
in 1742. 1he I'ftect of which, according to Thomas Carlyle, was 
felt upon all civilization. Says he. '"Tlalf of the world was 
hidden in embryo under this battle;" and he further adds: 
"The Yankee nation itself Avas involved, the greatest phenom- 
enon of these ages," Tt Avas the work of a mere handful of men 
under Oglethorpe, but it checked the tide of Latin invasion 
annihilated a powei'ful fleet of Spain, and confirmed America 
to the Anglo-Saxon. 

At Savannah, the Wesleys rocked the cradle of infant Meth- 
odism ; ami, fifty years in advance of Robert Raikes. organized 
the w'orld's first Sunday-school. 

Our seat of learning at Athens is the oldest Stalt- university 
in Amei'ica. We claim for Wesleyan Female College at Macon 
that it was the first institution in the world to confer a collegi; 
(l(>grt'e upon a Avoman; and despite the rival claims of Jackson, 
of Wells, and of Morton, we credit to Dr. Crawford W. Long, of 
Georgia, the discovery of anesthesia (1842). 

The first vessel propelled by .steam to cross the Atlantic 
Ocean sailed from the port of Savannah in 1819; but. at least 
a generation earlier, crude experiments in steam navigation 
Avere made on the Savannah River in 1788, in Avhich year the 
first patent ever issued for a steam-boat Avas issued to Long- 
street and Briggs by the State of Georgia, one year before her 
ratification of the Federal Constitution. 

Our cotton crop this year — A\^orth sixteen cents a pound — 
w'ill bring us one hundred and tAventy millions of dollars. In 
the production of peaches Georgia leads all the States of the 
Union. Our marbles and granites rival in the AA'orld's market 
the far-famed output of your OAvn Ncav England hills. Is it 
not superfluous for me, CA'en in Wallingford, to praise the 
Georgia AA^atermelon ? Our climate, neither chilled by the win- 
ter's cold nor parched by the summer's heat, is an idyllic poem 
of tAA'clve stanzas — one for each month — all set to the music 
of song-birds and tuned to aeolian harps. But I forbear, lest I 

35 



depopulate Connecticut. Is it any wonder, sir, that when I 
leave home I find myself humming an old tune? — 

"The red old hills of Georgia, 
My heart is on them now; 
Where fed from golden streamlets, 
Oconee's waters flow. 

I love them for the living, 

The generous, kind and gay. 
And for the dead who slumber 

Within their breasts of clay; 
I love them for the bounty 

AVhich cheers the social hearth, 
I love them for their rosy girls, 

The fairest on the earth. 

And when my course is ended, 

No more to toil or rove ; 
O. may I then beneath those hills 

Lie close to them I love." 

Most appropriate is it, Mr. Chairman, that an institution 
of learning in the town of Wallingford should bear the name 
of Lyman Hall. This was the birth-place of the great patriot. 
It Avas here that his eyes were first opened to the light. It is 
here that his kinsmen still abide ; here that his ancestors lie 
buried; here, too, that cherished friends, the play-mates of his 
childhood and the companions of his youth, are sleeping in the 
dust. It was here, in a modest New England home that the fires 
of liberty Avere first kindled in his heart; and here, at a desk 
in the village school, that he learned to write the name which, 
in after years, was to blaze on the immortal scroll of his coun- 
try's freedom. He typified all the primal virtues of New Eng- 
land, but in a pre-eminent degree he was the friend, the cham- 
pion, the exemplar of an educated intellect. 

The Univei-.sity of my native State owes its inception to Ly- 
man Hall. It was Wallingford 's peerless son who recommended 
its establishment, when governor of the State, in 1783. He did 
not live to see its doors opened ; but he was ever its warm advo- 

36 



cate. It is not unmeet, therefore, that an ahimnus of the Uni- 
versity of Georgia and a kinsman of the revered Walton, his 
compatriot and his friend, should be your spokesman on this 
occasion ; and in honoring your glorious son he performs a 
grateful duty for his alma mater. 

This temple of learning, Mr. Chairman, not only attests the 
reverence in which you hold a great name but the emphasis 
which you place upon the education of American youth. 
It is not often that a town the size of Wallingford is willing to 
spend in erecting a high school the sum of money which this 
magnificent building when completed will represent. All honor 
to you, therefore, for the splendid example which you have this 
day set for the to^nis of America to emulate. 

Long may this building stand — long may it breast the 
lightning's bolt and watch the ages ebb and flow. If it be ani- 
mated by Lyman Hall's spirit, it will ever be a nursery of what 
is finest in American life; it will ever point the youth of New 
England to the shining ways of honor ; it will ever give us men 
responsive to freedom 's bugle-call ; nor will America ever lack 
for volunteers when Hannibal is at the gates. 



What, sir, are the lessons of Lyman Hall's life, to be remem- 
bered by the youth of Wallingford, to be pondered by his coun- 
trymen of both sections for all time to come ? First, his courage. 
Without fear of consequences, he dared single-handed to repre- 
sent a lone parish in the Continental Congress, and later to sign 
the great Charter of Freedom. But, while he feared not man, 
he feared God; and, while he loved not the mammon of un- 
righteousness, he loved the courts of liberty, and is today num- 
bered among liberty's immortals. He cherished no bitterness; 
for like Ben Adham. whose name led all the rest, he loved his 
fellow-man. Rising up from the ground about us, there comes 
to us today a voice, clothed in the gentle accents of the seer of 
Patmos. and it says to us: "My countrymen. North and South, 
love one another — even as in the old days, be ye one." 

Away with sectional estrangement. Down with the usurp- 
ing Richard. Let us dethrone tlie old Plantagenet. Here, on 
this spot, where the cradle of Lyman Hall was rocked, let us 
rededicate ourselves to patriotism ; let us hand in hand march 
Hown the future, our glories interlocked, like the roses of 

37 



England. Forgetting the issues which divide lis in this presi- 
dential year, let ns here and now, in a patriotic love-feast, 
proclaim the essential unity of the American people; let us 
clasp hands across the bloody chasm; let us bury in the grave 
of oblivion every darling trophy which i)erpetuates estrange- 
ment ; let us blast Avith the fires of Etna every prejudice which 
brethren cannot harbor; and let us water with the dews of 
Zion every sentiment of patriotism which will make us love each 
other more and more, and our country best of all. 

I come, sir, in the spirit of the great Lamar who, at Sum- 
ner's bier, exclaimed: "My countrymen, let us know one 
another and we will love one another." I come in the spirit of 
the immortal Grady who, at Plymouth Rock, entreated: "This 
hour little needs the loyalty which is loyal to one section, yet 
holds the other in enduring suspicion and estrangement.'' T 
come in the spirit of the martyred Lincoln, whose words of 
prophecy still I'ing like l)ells. hammered out of the pure ore of 
his OAvn golden heart: "The mystic chords of memory, stretch- 
ing from every battlefield tiiid patriot-grave to evci-y living 
heart and hearth-stone all ovei- our land, will yet swfll the 
chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely lliey will be, by 
the better angels of our nature." Invoking the spirit of seventy- 
six, let the watch-word of our national life be the motto of D'Arl- 
agnan : "All for one and one for all." Like the sisters of Bethany 
whom the Master loved, let Georgia and Connecticut, in all tin' 
years to come, reflect the kindred features of one common 
familj^ vying with each other only in love's sweet ministries. 

Descendants of the Puritan, sons and daughters of New- 
England, today I bring you Georgia's love — sweet with the 
autumn's breath among her hills and melloAv with the old-time 
fragrance of the long ago. May I not take her yours in return ? 
Then let our parting word be "Mizpeh." 

In the heart of my native town stands a monument erected 
by a nation's gratitude to one of Georgia's gifted sons. Around 
its base, like ocean billows, the surging waves of commerce 
break, while silently, upon its head, the silken sun-beams of 
old Dixie fall. Fronting the east, it reflects from its massive 
bronze the light of a better day which is dawning all over our 
land, to tell of the golden fruition of his work, the happy ful- 

VV :. 38 



fihnent ol' his dreaiii. Deep-cut into its pedestal of granite is 
inscribed this sentiment — "and Avhen he died he was literally 
loving a nation into peace.'' On his return to us, from his 
mission to you, twenty-seven years ago, he fell asleep. Stand- 
ing in the shadow of Grady's monument, let us liear again the 
sweet bugle notes of his message to New England. Then, be- 
taking ourselves to Pljaiiouth Rock, let us there, at the landing- 
place of the Pilgrim, erase Mason and Dixon's line from the 
map; let us put North and South behind us in every sense 
wliicli means discord and division; let us relegate Cavalier and 
Puritan to the departed shades of history; and, remembering 
only our common birth-right in an ever-glorious Revolution, 
let this be our choral anthem: 

"A Union of lakes and a Union of lands 
A Union of States none can sever; 
A Union of hearts and a Union of hands 
And the flaer of our Union forever." 



39 3477-237 

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